MySQL列转行、行转列

编程入门 行业动态 更新时间:2024-10-24 23:22:27

<a href=https://www.elefans.com/category/jswz/34/1771279.html style=MySQL列转行、行转列"/>

MySQL列转行、行转列

准备数据

创建表:

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tb_score;CREATE TABLE tb_score(id INT(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,userid VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户id',subject VARCHAR(20) COMMENT '科目',score DOUBLE COMMENT '成绩',PRIMARY KEY(id)
)ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;

插入数据:

INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('001','语文',90);
INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('001','数学',92);
INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('001','英语',80);
INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('002','语文',88);
INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('002','数学',90);
INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('002','英语',75.5);
INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('003','语文',70);
INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('003','数学',85);
INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('003','英语',90);
INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('003','政治',82);

SELECT * FROM tb_score

WITH ROLLUP 的用法

1.WITH ROLLUP:在group分组字段的基础上再进行统计数据。

SELECT userid,IFNULL(`subject`,'total') AS `subject`,SUM(score) AS score
FROM tb_score
GROUP BY userid,`subject`
WITH ROLLUP


上面的结果第是为每个userid进行的统计,最后的一列是对所有的total进行的统计

MySQL行转列


要将上面的数据转换成为下面的格式

1、使用case…when…then 进行行转列

SELECT userid,
SUM(CASE `subject` WHEN '语文' THEN score ELSE 0 END) as '语文',
SUM(CASE `subject` WHEN '数学' THEN score ELSE 0 END) as '数学',
SUM(CASE `subject` WHEN '英语' THEN score ELSE 0 END) as '英语',
SUM(CASE `subject` WHEN '政治' THEN score ELSE 0 END) as '政治' 
FROM tb_score  GROUP BY userid

2、使用IF() 进行行转列:

SELECT userid,
SUM(IF(`subject`='语文',score,0)) as '语文',
SUM(IF(`subject`='数学',score,0)) as '数学',
SUM(IF(`subject`='英语',score,0)) as '英语',
SUM(IF(`subject`='政治',score,0)) as '政治' 
FROM tb_score  GROUP BY userid

注意点:

(1)SUM() 是为了能够使用GROUP BY根据userid进行分组,因为每一个userid对应的subject="语文"的记录只有一条,所以SUM() 的值就等于对应那一条记录的score的值。

假如userid =‘001’ and subject=‘语文’ 的记录有两条,则此时SUM() 的值将会是这两条记录的和,同理,使用Max()的值将会是这两条记录里面值最大的一个。但是正常情况下,一个user对应一个subject只有一个分数,因此可以使用SUM()、MAX()、MIN()、AVG()等聚合函数都可以达到行转列的效果。

(2)IF(subject=‘语文’,score,0) 作为条件,即对所有subject='语文’的记录的score字段进行SUM()、MAX()、MIN()、AVG()操作,如果score没有值则默认为0。

3、利用SUM(IF()) 生成列 + WITH ROLLUP 生成汇总行

SELECT IFNULL(userid,'total') AS userid,
SUM(IF(`subject`='语文',score,0)) AS 语文,
SUM(IF(`subject`='数学',score,0)) AS 数学,
SUM(IF(`subject`='英语',score,0)) AS 英语,
SUM(IF(`subject`='政治',score,0)) AS 政治,
SUM(IF(`subject`='total',score,0)) AS total
FROM(SELECT userid,IFNULL(`subject`,'total') AS `subject`,SUM(score) AS scoreFROM tb_scoreGROUP BY userid,`subject`WITH ROLLUPHAVING userid IS NOT NULL
)AS A 
GROUP BY userid WITH ROLLUP;

三、MySQL列转行

创建表:

CREATE TABLE tb_score1(id INT(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,userid VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户id',cn_score DOUBLE COMMENT '语文成绩',math_score DOUBLE COMMENT '数学成绩',en_score DOUBLE COMMENT '英语成绩',po_score DOUBLE COMMENT '政治成绩',PRIMARY KEY(id)
)ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;

插入数据:

INSERT INTO tb_score1(userid,cn_score,math_score,en_score,po_score) VALUES ('001',90,92,80,0);
INSERT INTO tb_score1(userid,cn_score,math_score,en_score,po_score) VALUES ('002',88,90,75.5,0);
INSERT INTO tb_score1(userid,cn_score,math_score,en_score,po_score) VALUES ('003',70,85,90,82);


结果如下:

本质是将userid的每个科目分数分散成一条记录显示出来。

SELECT userid,'语文' AS course,cn_score AS score FROM tb_score1
UNION ALL
SELECT userid,'数学' AS course,math_score AS score FROM tb_score1
UNION ALL
SELECT userid,'英语' AS course,en_score AS score FROM tb_score1
UNION ALL
SELECT userid,'政治' AS course,po_score AS score FROM tb_score1
ORDER BY userid

UNION与UNION ALL的区别:

1.对重复结果的处理:UNION会去掉重复记录,UNION ALL不会;

2.对排序的处理:UNION会排序,UNION ALL只是简单地将两个结果集合并;

3.效率方面的区别:因为UNION 会做去重和排序处理,因此效率比UNION ALL慢很多;

参考自:.html

更多推荐

MySQL列转行、行转列

本文发布于:2023-07-28 20:15:56,感谢您对本站的认可!
本文链接:https://www.elefans.com/category/jswz/34/1298246.html
版权声明:本站内容均来自互联网,仅供演示用,请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系,我们将在24小时内删除。
本文标签:MySQL   行转列

发布评论

评论列表 (有 0 条评论)
草根站长

>www.elefans.com

编程频道|电子爱好者 - 技术资讯及电子产品介绍!