linux备份系统img,备份armbian/linux/ubuntu系统到img镜像

以优盘备份armbian20.10为例

mount /dev/sda /mnt #假如优盘被识别为/dev/sda

cd /mnt

nano back_cmd.sh

将以下代码复制进去

#!/bin/sh

#backup for Armbian_20.10_buster

echo "create img file..."

fallocate -l $(( 3584 * 1024 *1024 )) Backup_system.img

echo "create fdisk.cmd"

cat > fdisk.cmd <

o

n

p

1

+512MB

t

c

n

p

2

w

EOF

echo "fdisk.cmd done!"

echo "disk partition..."

fdisk Backup_system.img < fdisk.cmd

echo "Done!"

echo "losetup loop0..."

#losetup -f -P --show Backup_system.img

losetup -d /dev/loop0

losetup -P loop0 Backup_system.img

echo "mount and format..."

mkfs.vfat -n "BOOT" /dev/loop0p1

mke2fs -F -q -t ext4 -L ROOTFS -m 0 /dev/loop0p2

mkdir /img -p

mount /dev/loop0p2 /img

mkdir /img/boot

mount /dev/loop0p1 /img/boot

echo "Begin backup system..."

cd /

DIR_INSTALL=/img

cp -r /boot/* /img/boot/

mkdir -p $DIR_INSTALL/dev

mkdir -p $DIR_INSTALL/media

mkdir -p $DIR_INSTALL/mnt

mkdir -p $DIR_INSTALL/proc

mkdir -p $DIR_INSTALL/run

mkdir -p $DIR_INSTALL/sys

mkdir -p $DIR_INSTALL/tmp

echo "bin"

tar -cf - bin | (cd $DIR_INSTALL; tar -xpf -)

echo "boot"

tar -cf - boot | (cd $DIR_INSTALL; tar -xpf -)

echo "etc"

tar -cf - etc | (cd $DIR_INSTALL; tar -xpf -)

echo "home"

tar -cf - home | (cd $DIR_INSTALL; tar -xpf -)

echo "lib64 and lib"

tar -cf - lib64 | (cd $DIR_INSTALL; tar -xpf -)

tar -cf - lib | (cd $DIR_INSTALL; tar -xpf -)

echo "opt root sbin selinux"

tar -cf - opt | (cd $DIR_INSTALL; tar -xpf -)

tar -cf - root | (cd $DIR_INSTALL; tar -xpf -)

tar -cf - sbin | (cd $DIR_INSTALL; tar -xpf -)

tar -cf - selinux | (cd $DIR_INSTALL; tar -xpf -)

echo "srv"

tar -cf - srv | (cd $DIR_INSTALL; tar -xpf -)

echo "usr"

tar -cf - usr | (cd $DIR_INSTALL; tar -xpf -)

echo "var"

tar -cf - var | (cd $DIR_INSTALL; tar -xpf -)

echo "Done!"

sync

echo "解除挂载的备份镜像文件"

umount /img/boot

umount /img/

losetup -d /dev/loop0

echo "All done!"

ctrl+s保存，ctrl+x退出

chmod a+x back_cmd.sh

./back_cmd.sh

可以对镜像进行压缩

xz -z Backup_system.img #无进度，压缩后文件小很多，所以比较慢，压缩后原来的img会被删除。