文章目录

• 2020年9月
• • • • 西游记-中
      • 英
      • 水浒传-中
      • 英
• 2020年7月
• • • • 三国演义-中
      • 英
• 2019年12月
• • • • 牡丹-中
      • 英
      • 梅花-中
      • 英
      • 荷花-中
      • 英
• 2019年6月
• • • • 方言-中
      • 英
      • 汉语-中
      • 英
      • 成语-中
      • 英
• 2018年12月
• • • • 体育馆-中
      • 英
      • 图书馆-中
      • 英
      • 博物馆-中
      • 英
• 2018年6月
• • • • 自行车-中
      • 英
      • 私家车-中
      • 英
      • 高铁-中
      • 英
• 2017年12月
• • • • 青海湖-中
      • 英
      • 洞庭湖-中
      • 英
      • 太湖-中
      • 英
• 2017年6月
• • • • 唐朝-中
      • 英
      • 明朝-中
      • 英
      • 宋朝-中
      • 英
• 2016年12月
• • • • 农业-中
      • 英
      • 学汉语-中
      • 英
      • 度假-中
      • 英
• 2016年06月
• • • • 创新-中
      • 英
      • 深圳-中
      • 英
      • 旗袍-中
      • 英
• 2015年12月
• • • • 中国父母教育观-中
      • 英
      • 中国减贫-中
      • 英
      • 中国工业升级-中
      • 英
• 2015年06月
• • • • 待客之道-中
      • 英
      • 中国城市化进程-中
      • 英
      • 汉朝-中
      • 英
• 2014年12月
• • • • 乡村生活理想-中
      • 英
      • 经济发展-中
      • 英
      • 教育-中
      • 英
• 2014年06月
• • • • 中文热词-中
      • 英
      • 科学发展-中
      • 英
      • 治理污染-中
      • 英
• 2013年12月
• • • • 丝绸之路-中
      • 英
      • 中国园林-中
      • 英
      • 中秋节-中
      • 英
• 2013年06月
• • • • 中国建筑-中
      • 英
      • 紫禁城-中
      • 英
      • 丝绸-中
      • 英
• 说明

2020年9月

西游记

西游记-中

    《西游记》(Journey to the West)也许是中国文学四大经典小说中最具影响力的一部,当然也是在国外最广为人知的一部小说。这部小说描绘了著名僧侣玄奘在三个随从的陪同下穿越中国西部地区前往印度取经(Buddhist scripture)的艰难历程。虽然故事的主题基于佛教,但这部小说采用了大量中国民间故事和神话的素材,创造了各种栩栩如生的人物和动物形象。其中最著名的是孙悟空,他与各种各样妖魔作斗争的故事几乎为每个中国孩子所熟知。

英

    Qinghai Lake located about 100 kilometers west of Xining, the provincial capital of Qinghai, is the largest saltwater lake in China, at an elevation of 3,205 meters. Qinghai Lake has an acreage of 4,317 square kilometers, and a maximum depth of 25.5 meters. There are 23 rivers flowing into it, and most of them are seasonal. Five main rivers consist of 80% of the total amount of lake water. The lake is situated at the junction of several bird immigration routes across Asia. A great many birds use Qinghai Lake as an intermediate stop during migration. In the west of the lake lies the well-known “Birds Island” , which appeals to birdwatchers from all over the world. Every summer, tourists also come here for the purpose of watching the international cycling competition.

水浒传

水浒传-中

         《水浒传》(WaterMargin)是中国文学四大经典小说之一。这部小说基于历史人物宋江及其伙伴反抗封建帝王的故事,数百年来一直深受中国读者的喜爱。毫不夸张地说,几乎每个中国人都熟悉小说中的一些主要人物。这部小说中的精彩故事在茶馆、戏剧舞台、广播电视、电影屏幕和无数家庭中反复讲述。事实上,这部小说的影响已经远远超出了国界。越来越多的外国读者也感到这部小说里的故事生动感人、趣味盎然。

英

    Water Margin is one of the four great classical novels of Chinese literature. The novel, written on the basis of the stories of the historical figures Song Jiang and his partners rebellion against the feudal emperor, has been popular with Chinese readers for centuries. It goes without exaggeration that almost every single Chinese has a good knowledge of some major characters in the novel as its wonderful stories are told over and over again in teahouses, on the stage in plays, on radio and television, on film screens and in countless homes. As a matter of fact, the influence of this novel has gone far beyond national boundaries as more and more foreign readers also find its stories vivid, moving and full of interest.

2020年7月

三国演义

三国演义-中

    《三国演义》写于14世纪，是中国著名的历史小说。这部小说以三国时期的历史为基础,描写了从二世纪下半叶到三世纪下半叶魏、蜀、吴之间的战争。小说描写了近千个人物和无数的历史事件。虽然这些人物和事件是有历史根据的,但它们都在不同程度上被戏剧化和扩大了。《三国演义》是公认的文学名著。面世以来，对中国一代又一代人产生了持续而久远的影响，吸引了一代又一代读者，对中国历史产生了广泛而深远的影响。

英

    The Romance of the Three Kingdoms,which was written in the fourteenth century, is a famous historical novel in China.Based on the history of the Three Kingdoms period, this novel describes the war between Wei, Shu and Wu from the second half of the second century to the second half of the third century. It depicts nearly a thousand characters and countless historical events. Although these characters and events are based on the real history , they are dramatized and exaggerated to varying degrees.The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is widely acknowledged to be a literary masterpiece. Since its publication, it has attracted and deeply influenced generations of readers in China, and also has exerted an extensive and far-reaching influence on Chinese history.

2019年12月

牡丹

牡丹-中

    牡丹(peony)花色艳丽,形象高雅,象征着和平与繁荣，因而在中国被称为“花中之王”。中国许多地方都培育和种植牡丹。千百年来，创作了许多诗歌和绘画赞美牡丹。唐代时期，牡丹在皇家园林普遍种植并被誉为国花，因而特别风行。十世纪时,洛阳古城成为牡丹栽培中心,而且这一地位一直保持到今天。现在，成千上万的国内外游客蜂拥到洛阳参加一年一度的牡丹节,欣赏洛阳牡丹的独特之美,同时探索九朝古都的历史。

英

    The peony, boasting bright colors and an elegant appearance, is a symbol of peace and prosperity and thus recognized as "king of the flowers" in China. Peonies are bred and grown in many parts of the country. Over the centuries, numerous poems and paintings have been created to praise the flower. Peonies were particularly popular during the Tang Dynasty, when they were extensively cultivated in the imperial gardens and praised as the national flower. In the tenth century, the ancient city of Luoyang became the center for peony cultivation, a position it still holds today. Nowadays, thousands of tourists from home and abroad flock to Luoyang for the annual Peony Festival to both admire the unique beauty of the city' s peonies and explore the history of the ancient capital of nine dynasties.

梅花

梅花-中

    梅花( plum blossom)位居中国十大名花之首,源于中国南方，已有三千多年的栽培和种植历史。隆冬时节，五颜六色的梅花不畏严寒，迎着风雪傲然绽放。在中国传统文化中，梅花象征着坚强、纯洁、高雅,激励人们不畏艰难、砥砺前行。自古以来 ,许多诗人和画家从梅花中获取灵感,创作了无数不朽的作品。普通大众也都喜爱梅花， 春节期间常用于家庭装饰。南京市已将梅花定为市花，每年举办梅花节,成千上万的人冒着严寒到梅花山踏雪赏梅。

英

    The plum blossom, the king of China's top ten famous flowers, originated in southern China and has been cultivated for over 3000 years. In the depths of winter, colorful plum blossoms bloom vibrantly amidst the wind and snow, unhindered by severe frost. The plum blossom, a symbol of strength, purity and elegance in traditional Chinese culture, motivates people to brave hardship and forge ahead. Since ancient times, many poets and painters have been drawing inspirations from plum blossoms and created countless immortal works. Plum blossoms are also very popular with the general public and often used as home decoration during the Spring Festival. Nanjing has designated the plum blossom as the city flower and holds the Plum Blossom Festival each year, which attracts thousands of people to Plum Blossom Hill to enjoy the full bloom in the snow irrespective of the severe cold.

荷花

荷花-中

    荷花(lotus flower)是中国的名花之一，深受人们喜爱。中国许多地方的湖泊和池塘都适宜荷花生长。荷花色彩鲜艳，夏日清晨绽放，夜晚闭合，花期长达两三个月，吸引来自各地的游客前往观赏。荷花具有多种功能，既能绿化水面，又能美化庭园，还可净化水质、减少污染、改善环境。荷花迎骄阳而不惧，出污泥而不染，象征纯洁、高雅，常常用来比喻人的高尚品德。历来是诗人画家创作的重要题材。荷花盛开的地方也是许多摄影爱好者经常光顾之地。

英

    The lotus flower, one of China's famous flowers, has been deeply loved by Chinese people. Lakes and ponds in many parts of China are suitable for the growth of lotus plants. The lotus flower, which is bright in color, blooms in the early morning and closes at night in summer, with the flowering lasting up to two or three months, attracting visitors from all over the country. The lotus has multiple uses, including purifying water, reducing pollution and improving the environment, as well as greening water surfaces and beautifying gardens. The flower is characterized by its abilities to tolerate intense sun exposure and emerge pure and clean from the murky water, thus symbolizing purity and elegance. So it is often used as a metaphor for a person's noble character and has been a main subject for poets and painters throughout history. Placeswith lotus flowers in full bloom are also frequented by many photography enthusiasts.

2019年6月

方言

方言-中

    中国幅员辽阔，人口众多，很多地方人们都说自己的方言。方言在发音上差别很大，词汇和语法差别较小。有些方言，特别是北方和南方的方言，差异很大，以致于说不同方言的人常常很难听懂彼此的讲话。方言被认为是当地文化的一个组成部分，但近年来能说方言的人数不断减少。为了鼓励人们更多说本地语言，一些地方政府已经采取措施，如在学校开设方言课，在广播和电视上播放方言节目，以期保存本地的文化遗产。

英

    China has a vast territory and a large population. People in many places of China speak their own dialects. Chinese dialects differ most in pronunciation, and to a lesser extent in vocabulary and grammar. Some dialects, especially those from the north and the south, are so different that their speakers often have trouble understanding each other. Dialects are considered an integral part of local cultures, but the number of people who can speak in dialects has been decreasing in recent years. In order to encourage people to speak local dialects more often, some local goverments have taken measures such as offering dialect courses in schools and broadcasting dialect programs on radio and television in the hope of preserving local cultural heritage.

汉语

汉语-中

    汉语现在是世界上用作本族语人数最多的语言。汉语与西方语言的一个重要区别在于它是以方块字(character)而不是以字母构成的。目前仍在使用的书写系统中，汉语是最古老的。在中国，来自不同地区的人可能听不懂对方的方言，但由于汉字有统一的书写形式，他们交流起来几乎没有任何困难。汉语历史上对团结中华民族发挥了重要作用。今天，随着中国经济的快速增长和全球影响力的增强，越来越多其他国家的人也开始学习汉语。

英

    Chinese is now the language with the largest number of native speakers in the world. One important way in which Chinese differs from western languages is that, instead of letters, it uses characters. Chinese is the oldest script still in use. In China, people from different regions may find it difificult to understand each other's dialects, but they have little difificulty in communicating through written Chinese, because Chinese characters share a common written form. Chinese has played an important role in uniting the Chinese nation in history. Today, with the rapid growth of China's economy and the increase in its global influence, a rising number of people from other countries also start learning Chinese.

成语

成语-中

    成语(Chinese idioms) 是汉语中的一种独特的表达方式，大多由四个汉字组成。它们高度简练且形式固定，但通常能形象地表达深刻的含义。成语大多数来源于中国古代的文学作品，通常与某些神话、传说或者历史事件有关。如果不知道某个成语的出处，就很难理解其确切含义。因此,学习成语有助于人们更好地理解中国传统文化。成语在日常会话和文学创作中广泛使用。恰当使用成语可以使一个人的语言更具表现力，交流更有效。

英

    Chinese idioms are a unique type of Chinese expression, most of which consist of four characters.Though highly compact and structurally fixed, they usually can express profound meanings vividly.Chinese idioms are mostly derived from ancient literature, and often linked with certain myths, stories or historical facts. The precise meaning of an idiom can be difficult to understand without the knowledge of its origin. Therefore, learning Chinese idioms helps people better understand traditional Chinese culture. Chinese idioms are widely used in daily conversations and literary works. Proper use of Chinese idioms can make one's words more expressive and communication more effective.

2018年12月

体育馆

体育馆-中

    近年来，中国政府进一步加大体育馆建设投资，以更好地满足人们快速增长的健身需求。除了新建体育馆外，许多城市换采取了改造旧工厂和商业建筑等措施，来增加当地体育馆的数量。在政府资金的支持下，越来越多的体育馆向公众免费开放，或者只收取少量费用。许多体育馆通过应用现代信息技术大大提高了了服务质量。人民可以方便地在线预订场地和付费。可以预见，随着运动设施的不断改善，愈来愈多的人将会去体育馆健身。

英

    In recent years, the Chinese government has further increased its investment in gymnasium construction to better meet people's rapidly growing demand for fitness. In addition to building new gyms, many cities have also taken measures to transform old factories and commercial buildings into gyms to increase the number of local gyms. Thanks to the government grant, more and more gyms are open to the public free of charge or for a small fee. Many gyms have greatly improved their service quality by applying modern information technology. People can conveniently book venues and pay for them online. It can be predicted that with the continuous improvement of sports facilities , more and more people will go to gyms to work out.

图书馆

图书馆-中

    中国越来越重视公共图书馆，并鼓励人们充分加以利用。新近公布的统计数字表明，中国的公共图书馆数量在逐年增长。许多图书馆通过翻新和扩建，为读者创造了更为安静、舒适的环境。大型公共图书馆不仅提供种类繁多的参考资料，而且定期举办讲座、展览等活动。近年来，也出现了许多数字图书馆，从而节省了存放图书所需的空间。一些图书馆还推出了自助服务系统，使读者借书还书更加方便，进一步满足了读者的需求。

英

    China attaches increasing importance to public libraries and encourages people to make full use of them. The newly released statistics indicate that the number of public libraries in China is on an increase year by year. Many libraries have created a quieter and more comfortable environment for readers through renovation and expansion. Not only do large-scale public libraries provide a wide range of reference materials, but they also regularly hold lectures, exhibitions and other activities. In recent years, there have also been many digital libraries, thus saving the space needed to store books. In addition, some libraries have introduced self-service systems, which make it more convenient for readers to borrow and return books, and further meet the needs of readers.

博物馆

博物馆-中

    近年来，中国越来越多的博物馆免费向公众开放。博物馆展览次数和参观人数都明显增长。在一些广受欢迎的博物馆门前，排长队已很常见。这些博物馆必须采取措施限制参观人数。如今，展览形式越来越多样。一些大型博物馆利用多媒体和虚拟现实等先进技术，使展览更具吸引力。不少博物馆还举办在线展览，人们可在网上观赏珍稀展品。然而，现场观看展品的体验对大多数参观者还是更具吸引力。

英

    In recent years, more and more museums in China have been open to the public free of charge. Thenumber of exhibitions and visitors to museums has seen an obvious increase. It has become common to see that people stand in long queues in front of some popular museums. Therefore, these museums must take measures to restrict the number of visitors. Nowadays, the forms of exhibitions become increasingly diverse. Some large museums use advanced technologies such as multimedia and virtual reality to make their exhibitions more attractive. Quite a few museums also hold online exhibitions where people can appreciate rare and precious exhibits. However, the experience of viewing the exhibits on site is still more appealing to most visitors.

2018年6月

自行车

自行车-中

    自行车曾经是中国城乡最主要的交通工具，中国一度被称为“自行车王国”。如今，随着城市交通拥堵和空气污染日益严重，骑自行车又开始流行起来。近来，中国企业家将移动互联网技术与传统自行车结合在一起，发明了一种称为共享单车的商业模式。共享单车的出现使骑车出行更加方便，人们仅需用一部手机就可以随时使用共享单车。为了鼓励人们骑车出行，很多城市修建了自行车道。现在，越来越多的中国人也喜欢通过骑车健身。

英

    Bicycles were once the most important vehicles in both urban and rural areas of China. That’s why China was once called the "bike kingdom." Nowadays, as the problem of urban traffic congestion and air pollution grows increasingly serious, bicycle riding has become popular again. Recently, through combining mobile Internet technology with traditional bicycles, Chinese entrepreneurs have created an industry known as “bicycle-sharing”. People can use a shared bicycle at any time with only one mobile phone, which allows cycling more convenient. Many cities have built bicycle lanes in order to encourage people to cycle. Now, more and more Chinese people also like to exercise by cycling.

私家车

私家车-中

    过去，拥有一辆私家车对大部分中国人而言是件奢侈的事。如今，私家车在中国随处可见，汽车成了人们生活中不可或缺的一部分，他们不仅开车上下班，还经常驾车出游。有些城市的车增长速度过快，以至于交通拥堵和停车位不足的问题日益严峻，这些城市的市政府不得不出台新规，限制上路汽车的数量，由于空气污染日益重，现在越来越多的人选择购买新能源车，中国政府也采取了一些措施，支持新能源汽车的发展。

英

    In the past, having a private car at hand is a luxury for most Chinese.Nowadays, private cars can be seen everywhere in China. Cars have become an indispensable part of Chinese life. They not only drive to commute from work but also frequently to travel. In some cities, the growth ratio of cars is so rapid that the problems of traffic congestion and inadequate parking lots are getting increasingly serious, prompting the local government to issue new regulations in order to restrict the number of cars on the road. Considering the worsening condition of air pollution, at present a growing number of people choose to buy alternative energy powered vehicles and China’s government adopt some measures to support the development of new energy automobile industry as well.

高铁

高铁-中

    中国目前拥有世界上最大最快的高速铁路网。高铁列车的运行速度还将继续提升。更多的城市将修建高铁站。高铁大大缩短了人们出行的时间，相对汽车而言，高速列车的突出优势在于准时， 因为基本不受天气或交通管制的影响。高铁极大地改变了中国人的生活方式。如今，它已经成了很多人商务旅行的首选交通工具。越来越多的人也在假日乘高铁外出旅游。还有不少年轻人选择在一个城市工作而在临近城市居住，每天乘高铁上下班。

英

    Nowadays, China owns the biggest and fastest network of high speed railway in this world and its speed will continue to be increased. More cities will build high speed railway stations. The time spent in travel has been largely shortened. Owing to its feature of unaffected by the weather and traffic control basically, the outstanding advantage of high speed railway is on time compared with airplane. It has changed the lifestyle of Chinese greatly. Now, it has been the first choice for many businessmen in their business trips. An increasing number of people select high speed railway as their transportation means during their vacations. Many young people choose to work in a city but live in a neighboring city and commute by high speed railway.

2017年12月

青海湖

青海湖-中

    青海湖位于海拔3205米、青海省省会西宁以西约100公里处，是中国最大的咸水湖，面积4317平方公里，处25.5米。有23条河注入湖中，其中大部分是季节性的。百分之八十的湖水源于五条主要河流。青海湖位于跨越亚洲的几条候鸟迁徙路线的交叉处。许多鸟类把青海湖作为迁徙过程中的暂息地。湖的西侧是著名的“鸟岛”，吸引着来自世界各地的观鸟者。每年夏天，游客们也来这里观看国际自行车比赛。

英

    Qinghai Lake located about 100 kilometers west of Xining, the provincial capital of Qinghai, is the largest saltwater lake in China, at an elevation of 3,205 meters. Qinghai Lake has an acreage of 4,317 square kilometers, and a maximum depth of 25.5 meters. There are 23 rivers flowing into it, and most of them are seasonal. Five main rivers consist of 80% of the total amount of lake water. The lake is situated at the junction of several bird immigration routes across Asia. A great many birds use Qinghai Lake as an intermediate stop during migration. In the west of the lake lies the well-known “Birds Island” , which appeals to birdwatchers from all over the world. Every summer, tourists also come here for the purpose of watching the international cycling competition.

洞庭湖

洞庭湖-中

    洞庭湖位于湖南省东北部，面积很大，但湖水很浅。洞庭湖是长江的蓄洪地， 湖的大小很大程度上取决于季节变化。湖北和湖南两省因其与湖的相对位置而得名：湖北意为“湖的北边”， 而湖南则为“湖的南边”。洞庭湖作为龙舟赛的发源地，在中国文化中享有盛名。据说龙舟赛始于洞庭湖东岸，为的是搜寻楚国爱国诗人屈原的遗体。龙舟赛与洞庭湖及周边的美景，每年都吸引着成千上万来自全国和世界各地的游客。

英

    Dongting Lake is a large, swallow lake that is located in northeastern of Hunan province, China. It is a flood basin of the Yangtze River. Hence the lake’s size largely depends on the season. Two provinces in China are named Hunan and Hubei due to the fact that they are relative position to the lake: Hubei means “north side of Lake”; Hunan means “ South side of the Lake”. As an origin of dragon boat racing, Dongting Lake enjoys a good reputation in Chinese culture. It is said that Dragon boat racing begun on the eastern shores of Dongting Lake for searching Quyuan’s body who is a patriotic poet. Dragon Boat Racing and beautiful scenery of Donting Lake as well as the surrounding beautiful scenery attract thousands of domestic people and foreigners every year.

太湖

太湖-中

    太湖是中国东部的一个淡水湖，占地面积2250平方公里，是中国第三大淡水湖，仅次于潘阳和洞庭。太湖约有90个岛屿，大小从几平方米到几平方公里不等。太湖以其独特的“太湖石”而闻名，太湖石常用于装饰中国传统园林。太湖也以高产的捕鱼业闻名。自上世纪70年代后期以来，捕捞鱼蟹对沿湖的居民来说极其重要，并对周边地区的经济做出了重大贡献。太湖地区是中国陶瓷（ceramics）业基地之一，其中宜兴的陶瓷厂家生产举世闻名的宜兴紫砂壶（clay teapot）。

英

    Taihu Lake is a freshwater lake in Eastern China, covering an area of 2250 square kilometers. It is the third last freshwater lake of China, only after Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake. Taihu Lake has about 90 islands, whose sizes vary from several square meters to several square kilometers. Taihu Lake is well known for its unique “Taihu Stone”, which is often used to decorate traditional Chinese gardens. Taihu Lake is also famous for its high-yield fishing industry. Since the late 1970s, fishing fish and crabs is rather important for the residents along the lake and makes great contribution to the economy of the surrounding areas. Taihu Lake region is one of the bases of Chinese ceramics, and the manufacturers of pottery in Yixing produce world-famous Yixing clay teapots.

2017年6月

唐朝

唐朝-中

    唐朝始于618年，终于907年，是中国历史上最灿烂的时期。经过三百年的发展，唐代中国成为世界上最繁荣的强国，其首都长安是世界上最大的都市，这一时期，经济发达，商业繁荣，社会秩序稳定，甚至边境也对外开放，随着城市化的财富的增加，艺术和文学也繁荣起来。李白和杜甫是以作品简洁自然而著称的诗人。他们的诗歌打动了学者和普通人的心，即使在今天，他们的许多诗歌仍广为儿童及成人阅读背诵。

英

    The Tang Dynasty, beginning in the year of 618 and ending in 907, is the most splendid period in Chinese history. After three hundred years of development, it has become the world's most prosperous power and its capital, Chang an, is one of the world's largest city. During this period, there was developed economy, commercial prosperity, stable social order, and even the border open to the outside world. With the increase of the wealth of the urbanization, art and literature are also booming. Li Bai and Du Fu are poets known for work's simplicity and nature. Their poetry has impressed scholars and ordinary people. Even today, a considerable number of their poems are still widely read by children and adults.

明朝

明朝-中

    明朝统治中国276年，被人们描绘成人类历史上治理有序、社会稳定的最伟大的时代之一。这一时期，手工业的发展促进了市场经济和城市化。大量商品，包括酒和丝绸，都在市场销售。同时，还进口许多外国商品，如时钟和烟草。北京、南京、扬州、苏州这样的大商业中心相继形成。也是在明代，由郑和率领的船队曾到印度洋进行了七次大规模探险航行。还值得一提的是，中国文学的四大经典名著中有三部写于明朝。

英

    The Ming Dynasty, which reigned China for 276 years, is described as one of the greatest epochs with orderly governance and social stability in human history. During this period, the development of handicraft industry promoted the development of market economy and urbanization. Large scale of commodities, including wine and silk, were sold in the market. Meanwhile, many foreign goods such as clocks and tobacco were imported. Business centers like Beijing, Nanjing, Yangzhou, Suzhou were taking shape in succession. It was also in Ming Dynasty that Zheng He led the seven large-scale expeditions to the Indian Ocean. Particularly worth mentioning is that three of the four great classics in Chinese literature are written during the Ming Dynasty.

宋朝

宋朝-中

    宋朝始于960年，一直延续到1279年。这一时期，中国经济大幅增长，成为世界上最先进的经济体，科学、技术、哲学和数学蓬勃发展。宋代中国是世界历史上首先发行纸币的国家。宋朝还最早使用火药并发明了活字（movable）印刷。人口增长迅速，越来越多的人住进城市，那里有热闹的娱乐场所。社会生活多种多样。人们聚集在一起观看和交易珍贵艺术品。宋朝的政府体制在当时也是先进的。政府官员均通过竞争性考试选拔任用。

英

    The Song dynasty began in 960 and continued until 1279. During this period, China experienced sharp economic growth and became the world's most advanced economy, with science, technology, philosophy, and mathematics flourishing. It was the first government to issue banknotes in the whole history of the world and also the earliest to use gunpowder and invent the movable type printing. The high fertility made a growing number of people flock to cities where there were lively entertainment quarters. Social life during the Song was vibrant. Citizens gathered to view and trade precious artworks. The Song’s government system was also advanced then. For example, government officials were recruited through competitive examinations.

2016年12月

农业

农业-中

    农业是中国的一个重要产业，从业者超过3亿。中国农业产量全球第一，主要生产水稻、小麦和豆类。虽然中国的农业用地仅占世界的百分之十，但为世界百分之二十的人提供了粮食。中国7700年开始种植水稻。早在使用机械和化肥之前，勤劳和富有创造性的中国农民就已经采用各种各样的方法来增加农作物产量。中国农业最近的发展是推进有机农业。有机农业可以同时服务于多种目的，包括食品安全，大众健康和可持续发展。

英

    Agriculture is one of the most important industries in China which embraces more than 300 million workers. China's agriculture output ranks the first all over the world, and it mainly produce rice, wheat and beans. China provides 20 percent of the world food, though its agriculture land only accounts for 10% of the world's total. China's history of planting rice dates back as early as 7700 B.C. Long before the use of machinery and fertilizers, industrious and creative farmers had already used different kinds of methods to increase crop yields. The latest trend of the agriculture development in China is to promote organic agriculture. And the organic agriculture can serve a variety of purposes, which including food safety, public health and sustainable development.

学汉语

学汉语-中

    随着中国经济的蓬勃发展，学汉语的人数迅速增加，使汉语成了世界上人们最爱学的语言之一。近年来，中国大学在国际上的排名也有了明显的提高。由于中国教育的巨大进步，中国成为最受海外学生欢迎的留学目的地之一就不足为奇了。2015年，近40万国际学生蜂拥来到中国市场。他们学习的科目不再限于中国语言和文化，而包括科学与工程。在全球教育市场上，美国和英国仍占主导地位，但中国正在迅速赶上。

英

    With China's booming economy, the number of people who learn Chinese grows rapidly. It makes Chinese become one of the favorite languages that people would like to learn. Recently, Chinese universities rise significantly in world university rankings. Since the significant progress made in Chinese education, it is no wonder that China has been one of the most favored places for overseas students. In 2015, nearly 400,000 international students swarmed into the Chinese market. Not confined to Chinese language and culture, the subjects they choose to learn also include science and engineering. Although the global market is still dominated by US and UK, China is striving to catch up.

度假

度假-中

    随着生活水平的提高，度假在中国人生活中的作用越来越重要。过去，中国人的时间主要花在谋生上，很少有机会外出旅行。然而，近年来中国旅游业发展迅速。经济的繁荣和富裕中产阶级的出现，引发了一个前所未有的旅游热潮。中国人不仅在国内旅游，出国旅游也越来越普遍。2016年国庆节假日期间，旅游消费总计超过4000亿元。据世界贸易组织估计，2020年中国将成为世界上最大的旅游国。在未来几年里将成为出境旅游支出增长最快的国家。

英

    With the improvement of living standards, vacation plays a more important role in the Chinese life. In the past, they had spent most of their time making a living and barely had a chance to travel. However, China’s tourism industry flourishes in recent years. Economic prosperity and the emergence of the affluent middle class leads to an unprecedented tourism boom. Chinese people like to travel both at home and abroad, and overseas trips have become increasingly common among them. During the National Day holiday in 2016, tourism spending totaled more than 400 billion yuan. World Trade Organization estimates that China will become the world’s largest tourist country by 2020, and it will also become one of the fastest-growing countries on outbound tourism spending in the next few years.

2016年06月

创新

创新-中

    中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。为了在科学技术上尽快赶超世界发达国家，中国近年来大幅度增加了研究开发资金。中国的大学和研究所正在积极开展创新研究，这些研究覆盖了从大数据到生物化学，从新能源到机器人等各类高科技领域。它们还与各地的科技园合作，使创新成果商业化。与此同时，无论在产品还是商业模式上，中国企业家也在努力争做创新的先锋，以适应国内外消费市场不断变化和增长的需求。

英

    China's innovation is flourishing at an unprecedented pace. In order to catch up with developed countries in science and technology as soon as possible, China has increased research and development funding in recent years. Chinese universities and research institutes are active in innovation studies, which range from big data to biochemistry, from new energy to other high-tech fields like robots. They also work with the Science and Technology Parks around the country to commercialize innovations. At the same time, regardless of products or business models, Chinese entrepreneurs are also striving to become the vanguard of innovation so as to adapt to the changing domestic and international consumer markets and their ever increasing demands.

深圳

深圳-中

    深圳是中国广东省一座新开发的城市。在改革开放之前，深圳不过是一个渔村，仅有三万多人。20世纪80年代，中国政府创建了深圳经济特区，作为实施社会主义市场经济的试验田。如今，深圳的人口已超过1,000万，整个城市发生了巨大的变化。到2014年，深圳的人均（per-capita）GDP已达25,000美元，相当于世界上一些发达国家的水平。就综合经济实力而言，深圳居于中国顶尖城市之列。由于其独特的地位，深圳也是国内外企业家创业的理想之地。。

英

    Shenzhen is a newly-developed city in Guangdong province. Before the implementation of reform and opening-up policy,it was but a fishing village only with a population of over 30 thousand. In the 1980s,Chinese government established Shenzhen Special Economic Zone as the experimental plot for the implementation of socialist market economy. Currently, the population of Shenzhen has exceeded 10 million and the whole city has undergone tremendous changes. By 2014,the per-capita GDP of Shenzhen has reached 25 thousand dollars,equivalent to that of some developed countries in the world. As far as its overall economic power is concerned,Shenzhen is listed among the top cities in China. Due to its unique status,it is also an ideal place for the entrepreneurs at home and abroad to start their businesses.

旗袍

旗袍-中

    旗袍(qipao)是一种雅致的中国服装,源于中国的满族(Manchu Nationality)。在清代,旗袍是王室女性穿着的宽松长袍。上世纪20年代，受西方服饰的影响，旗袍发生了一些变化。袖口（cuffs）变窄，袍身变短。这些变化使女性美得以充分展现。如今，旗袍经常出现在世界级的时装秀上。中国女性出席重要社交聚会时，旗袍往往是她们的首选。很多中国新娘也会选择旗袍作为结婚礼服。一些有影响的人士甚至建议将旗袍作为中国女性的民族服饰。

英

    Qipao, an exquisite Chinese clothing, originates from China's Manchu Nationality. In the Qing Dynasty , it was a loose robe for the royal women. In the 1920s, influenced by Western clothing, it went through many changes.For example,the cuffs went narrower, and the dress got shorter. These changes enabled Qipao to fully elaborate women’s beauty. Nowadays, Qipao quite often appears on world-class fashion shows. It is usually the first choice for Chinese women as they attend social parties. Meanwhile, many Chinese brides will select it as their wedding dress.Some influential personalities even suggest making it as the national costume for Chinese women.

2015年12月

中国父母教育观

中国父母教育观-中

    在中国，父母总是竭力帮助孩子，甚至为孩子做重要决定，而不管孩子想要什么，因为他们相信这样做是为孩子好。结果，孩子的成长和教育往往屈从于父母的意愿。如果父母决定为孩子报名参加一个课外班，以增加其被重点学校录取的机会，他们会坚持自己的决定，即使孩子根本不感兴趣。然而在美国，父母可能会尊重孩子的意见，并在决策时更注重他们的意见。中国父母十分重视教育或许值得称赞。然而，他们应该向美国父母学习在涉及教育时如何平衡父母与子女间的关系。

英

    In China, the parents endeavour to help their children and even make important decisions for them regardless of the children’s actual needs, because they believe what they do is good to their children. As a result, the growth and education of the children more often than not yields to the will of their parents.If the parents decide to register for an extra-curricular class in order to increase the chance of being admitted to a key school, they will hold their decision firmly even if their children are not interested at all. However, in America, the parents may respect their children’s opinions and pay more attention to their ideas when making decisions. It may be praiseworthy of the Chinese parents to attach great importance to education, but they should learn from the American parents how to balance the relationship between they and their offspring when it is come to education.

中国减贫

中国减贫-中

    在帮助国际社会于2030年前消除极端贫困过程中，中国正扮演着越来越重要的角色。自20世纪70年代末实施改革开放以来，中国已使多达四亿人摆脱了贫困。在未来五年中，中国将向其他发展中国家在减少贫困、发展教育、农业现代化、环境保护和医疗保健等方面提供援助。中国在减少贫困方面取得了显著进步，并在促进经济增长方面作出了不懈努力，这将鼓励其他贫困国家应对自身发展中的挑战。在寻求具有自身特色的发展道路时，这些国家可以借鉴中国的经验。

英

    China is playing an increasingly important role in helping the international community to eliminate extreme poverty by 2030. China has lifted as many as four hundred million people out of poverty since the implementation of the reform and opening-up in the late 1970s. In the next five years, China will assist other developing countries in reducing poverty, developing education, agriculture modernization, environment protection and medical care, etc. China has got notable improvements in reducing poverty, and has made constant efforts in promoting economic growth, which will encourage other poor countries to cope with challenges when developing themselves. These countries can learn from China’s experience when seeking for the development path with their own characteristics.

中国工业升级

中国工业升级-中

    最近，中国政府决定将其工业升级。中国现在涉足建造高速列车，远洋船舶，机器人，甚至飞机。不久前，中国获得了在印度尼西亚建造一条高铁的合同；中国还与马拉西亚签署了为其提供高速列车的合同。这证明人们信赖中国造产品。中国造产品越来越受欢迎。中国为此付出了代价，但这确实有助于消除贫困，同时还为世界各地的人们提供了就业机会。这是一件好事，值得称赞。下次你去商店时，可能想看一看你所购商品的出产国名。很有可能这件商品是中国造的。

英

    Recently, the Chinese government has decided to upgrade its industry. China is now involved in building high-speed trains, ocean-going ships, robots, even the planes. Not long ago, China won the contract of building a high-speed railway in Indonesia. The Contract of China proving high-speed trains for Malaysia also signed by the two sides, which proves that goods made-in-China are widely trusted. Goods made-in-China has become more and more popular. Although China has paid prices for it, it does help to eliminate poverty and to provide work chances for people all over the world as well. This is a good work and worth speaking highly of. You may want to take a look at which country your goods comes from when you go to the store next time. It is very probably made in China.

2015年06月

待客之道

待客之道-中

    中国传统的待客之道要求饭菜丰富多样，让客人吃不完。中国宴席上典型的菜单包括开席的一套凉菜及其后的热菜，例如肉类、鸡鸭、蔬菜等。大多数宴席上，全鱼被认为是必不可少的，除非已经上过各式海鮮。如今，中国人喜欢把西方特色菜与传统中式菜肴融于一席，因此牛排上桌也不少见。沙拉也已流行起来，尽管传统上中国人一般不吃任何未经烹饪的菜肴。宴席通常至少有一道汤，可以最先或最后上桌。甜点和水果通常标志宴席的结束。

英

    The Chinese traditional ways of entertaining guests require the amount and diversity of foods, which is supposed to be more than enough for guests’ needs. Typically, the menu of Chinese feasts includes a set of cold dishes in the beginning with hot dishes following such as pork, chicken, duck, vegetables and so on. In most of feasts, a whole fish is often regarded as an indispensable part, except different kinds of seafood have been served. Contemporarily, Chinese are more likely to combine foods peculiar to the western with traditional Chinese dishes, and therefore, steaks can often be spotted in the Chinese feasts and salads are becoming popular even though traditional Chinese tend to refuse to enjoy any dishes, which are not cooked. In the feasts, a dish of soup is usually served as the first or the last dish of the feast. The feasts often end up with desserts and fruits。

中国城市化进程

中国城市化进程-中

    2011年是中国城市化(urbanization)进程中的历史性时刻，其城市人口首次超过农村人口。在未来20 年里，预计约有3.5亿农村人口将移居到城市。如此规模的城市发展对城市交通来说既是挑战，也是机遇。中国政府一直提倡“以人为本”的发展理念，强调人们以公交而不是私家车出行。它还号召建设“资源 节约和环境友好型”社会。有了这个明确的目标，中国城市就可以更好地规划其发展，并把大量投资转向安全、清洁和经济型交通系统的发展上。

英

    2011 is the historic moment in the process of urbanization in China, whose population exceeds the rural population for the first time. In the next 20 years, about 350000000 of the rural population will move to the city. Such a scale of urban development is both a challenge and an opportunity for urban transportation. The Chinese government has always advocated the idea of "people-oriented". Stressed that people take the bus instead of the private car travel. It also calls for the construction of "resource-saving and environment-friendly society". With this clear goal, the Chinese city can better plan its development, and turn a lot of investment to the development of security, clean and economic transport system.

汉朝

汉朝-中

    汉朝是中国历史上最重要的朝代之一。汉朝统治期间有很多显著的成就。它最先向其他文化敞开大门，对外贸易兴旺。汉朝开拓的丝绸之路通向了中西亚乃至罗马。各类艺术一派繁荣，涌现了很多文学、 历史、哲学巨著。公元100年中国第一部字典编撰完成，收入9 000个字，提供释义并列举不同的写法。其间，科技方面也取得了很大进步，发明了纸张、水钟、日晷（sundials)以及测量地震的仪器。汉朝历经 400年，但统治者的腐败最终导致了它的灭亡。

英

    The Han dynasty is one of the most important dynasties in Chinese history. There are a lot of remarkable achievements during the reign of this dynasty. It was the first dynasty to open the door to other cultures, and its foreign trade was also prosperous. The Han dynasty's development of the Silk Road reached the West Asia and Rome.Various kinds of art thrived during the Han Dynasty, when many great works on literature, history and philosophy emerged. The first dictionary in China was compiled in 100 BC, embodying 9000 words. It provided meanings and displays different ways of characters. In the meanwhile, technology made great impact. Paper, water clock,sundials and instruments used to detect earthquake were invented. The Han Dynasty lasted 400 years. However, its rulers' corruption led to its dying out.

2014年12月

乡村生活理想

乡村生活理想-中

    反应在艺术和文学中的乡村生活理想是中国文明的重要特征。这在很大程度上归功于道家对自然的感情。传统中国画有两个最受青睐的主题。一是家庭生活的各种幸福场景，画中往往有老人在下棋饮茶，男人在耕耘收割，妇女在织布缝衣，小孩在户外玩耍。另一个则是乡村生活的种种乐趣，画有渔夫在湖上打渔，农夫在山上砍柴采药，或是书生坐在松树下吟诗作画。这两个主题可以分别代表儒家和道家的生活理想。

英

    Rural life ideals reflected in Chinese arts and literature is an important feature of Chinese civilization. This is largely attributed to feelings of Taoism to the nature. There are two most popular themes in traditional Chinese paintings. One is various scenes of happy family life with the elderly drinking teas and playing chess, men plowing and harvesting, women sewing and weaving, or children playing outdoors. The other is a variety of fun in rural life with a fisherman fishing on the lake, farmers cutting firewood or collecting medicinal herbs, scholars reciting poems or painting pictures under a pine tree. These two themes represent separately Confucian and Taoist ideal life.

经济发展

经济发展-中

    自从1978年启动改革以来，中国已从计划经济转为以市场为基础的经济，经历了经济和社会的快速发展。平均10%的GDP增长已使五亿多人脱贫。联合国的 “千年(millennium)发展目标”在中国均已达到或即将达到。目前，中国的第十二个五年规划强调发展服务业和解决环境及社会不平衡的问题。政府已设定目标减少污染，提高能源效率，改善得到教育和医保的机会，并扩大社会保障。中国现在7%的经济年增长目标表明政府是在重视生活质量而不是增长速度。

英

    Since the reform was launched in 1978, China has transformed from the planned economy into a market-based economy, experiencing rapid economic and social development. On the average, 10% of the GDP growth has made more than five hundred million people out of poverty. The “millennium development goal ”of the United Nations has been realized or are about to be reached in China. At present, the 12th five-year plan in China emphasizes the development of service industry and solve the problem of environmental and social imbalance. The government has set up a goal to reduce pollution, increasing energy efficiency，improving the chance of education and health care, and enlarging the social security. 7% of annual economic growth target in China shows that the government attaches great importance to the quality of life rather than the growth rate.

教育

教育-中

    中国将努力确保到2015年就业者接受过平均13.3年的教育。如果这一目标得以实现，今后大部分进入劳动力市场的人都需获得大学文凭。在未来几年，中国将着力增加职业学院的招生人数。除了关注高等教育外，还将寻找新的突破以确保教育制度更加公平。中国正在努力最佳地利用教育资源，这样农村和欠发达地区将获得更多的支持。教育部还决定改善欠发达地区学生的营养，并为外来务工人员的子女提供在城市接受教育的同等机会。

英

    China will strive to ensure that by 2015 employees will have received an average of 13.3 years of education. If this goal is achieved, the majority of those who enter the labor market will be required to obtain a college degree in the future. In the next few years, China will endeavor to increase the enrollment in vocational colleges. Apart from focusing on higher education, China will also seek a new breakthrough to ensure educational justice. China is making efforts to optimize the use of educational resources so that rural and underdeveloped areas can receive more support. The Ministry of Education has also decided to improve student nutrition in underdeveloped regions, and to provide equal opportunities for the children of migrant workers to receive education in cities.

2014年06月

中文热词

中文热词-中

    中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。例如，土豪(tuhao)和大妈(dama)都是老词，但是已获取了新的意义。 土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或者喜欢炫耀财富的人。也就是说，土豪有钱，但没有品位。大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但现在特指不久前金价下跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女。 土豪和大妈可能会被人收入新版牛津(Oxford)英语词典，至今已有约120个中文词被加进了牛津英语词典，成为了英语语言的一部分。

英

    The Chinese heated words usually reflect social changes and culture, some of which are increasingly popular with foreign media. Tuhao and dama, for example, are both old words, but they get different meanings now.The word tuhao used to mean rural landlords who oppress their tenants and servants, while now it refers to people spending money without limits or those showing off all around. That is to say, tuhao owns money rather than taste. The word dama is used to describe middle-aged women. However, it is regarded as a special word to call those Chinese women who rushed to purchase gold when the gold price decreased sharply not long ago.Tuhao and dama may be included in the new Oxford dictionary. Up to now, about 120 Chinese words have been added to it, becoming a part of English language.

科学发展

科学发展-中

    最近，中国科学院（Chinese Academy of Sciences)出版了关于其最新科学发现与未来一年展望的年度系列报告。系列报告包括三部分:科学发展报告、高技术发展报告、中国可持续发展战略报告。第一份报告包含中国科学家的最新发现，诸如新粒子研究与H7N9病毒研究的突破。该报告还突出强调了未来几年需要关注的问题。第二份报告公布了一些应用科学研究的热门领域，如3D打印和人造器官研究。第三份报告呼吁加强顶层设计，以消除工业升级中的结构性障碍，并促进节能减排。

英

    Chinese Academy of Science recently published an annual report about its latest scientific findings and the prospect of the next year. The report consists of three parts: science development, more advanced technology development and the sustainable strategy of China. The first one includes the latest findings of Chinese scientists, such as the research of new particle and the breakthrough in the study of H7N9 virus. Furthermore, it highlights some problems we need to focus in next few years. The second one announces some heated fields in applied science. For example, the 3-dimension print and the study of human organs. The third one suggests people enhance the top design in order to get rid of the structural obstacles in industrial upgrading and to promote the energy-saving and emission-reduction.

治理污染

治理污染-中

    北京计划未来三年投资7600亿元治理污染，从减少PM2.5排放入手。这一新公布的计划旨在减少四种主要污染源，包括500多万俩机动车的尾气(exhaust)排放、周边地区燃煤、来自北方的沙尘暴和本地的建筑灰尘。另外850亿元用于新建或升级城市垃圾处理和污水(sewage)处理设施，加上300亿元投资未来三年的植树造林(forestation) 。市政府还计划建造一批水循环利用工厂，并制止违章建筑，以改善环境。另外，将更严厉地处罚违反限排规定的行为。

英

    Beijing is going to invest 760 billion yuan in next three years to control pollution, beginning with cutting down the emission of PM 2.5 . This newly announced project aims to reduce four major sources of pollution, including exhaust from 5000 thousand motor vehicles, coal-burning in surrounding areas, sandstorms from the north and local construction dust. Another 85 billion yuan is used to build or upgrade the facilities of disposing garbage and sewage of the city. In addition, 30 billion to support afforestation programs in next three years. The municipal government also plans to construct some plants to use cycle water, banning illegal constructions to modify the environment. Furthermore, Beijing will punish those who violate the rules of emission-reduction more severely.

2013年12月

丝绸之路

丝绸之路-中

    闻名于世的丝绸之路是一系列连接东西方的路线。丝绸之路延伸6,000多公里，得名于古代中国的丝绸贸易。丝绸之路上的贸易在中国、南亚、欧洲和中东文明发展中发挥了重要作用。正是通过丝绸之路，中国的造纸、火药、指南针、印刷术等四大发明才被引介到世界各地。同样，中国的丝绸、茶叶和瓷器(porcelain)也传遍全球。物质文化的交流是双向的，欧洲也通过丝绸之路出口各种商品和植物，满足中国市场的需求。

英

    The Silk Road, known all over the world, is a series of routes which connects the East and the West. Expanding over 6,000 kilometres long, the Silk Road was named after the ancient Chinese silk trade. The Silk Road trade played an important part in China, South Asia, Europe and Middle East. It was through the Silk Road that ancient China’s four greatest inventions, papermaking, gunpowder, the compass and printing,spread all over the world. Equally, Chinese silk, tea and porcelain also spread across the world through the Silk Road. The exchanges of material civilizations are interrelated, and Europe exported all kinds of goods and plants through the Silk Road to meet the needs of the Chinese market.

中国园林

中国园林-中

    中国园林(the Chinese garden )是经过三千多年演变而成的独具一格的园林景观 (landscape ) 。它既包括为皇室成员享乐而建造的大型花园，也包括学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园。这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间应有的和谐关系的微缩景观。典型的中国园林四周有围墙，园内有池塘、假山 (rockwork)、树木、花草以及各种各样由蜿蜒的小路和走廊连接的建筑。漫步在花园中，人们可以看到一系列精心设计的景观犹如山水画卷（scroll) 一般展现在面前。

英

    The Chinese garden has become a unique landscape after an evolvement of over 3,000 years. It includes not only the large gardens built as entertainment venues for the royal family, but also the private gardens built by scholars, businessmen and retired government officials to get rid of the noise from the outside world. These gardens have constituted a miniature landscape which expresses the harmonious relationship between man and nature. A typical Chinese garden is surrounded by walls, and inside the garden there are ponds, rockwork, trees, flowers and a variety of buildings connected by the winding paths and corridors. Wandering in the garden, people may feel that a series of well-designed sceneries spread out before us like a landscape scroll.

中秋节

中秋节-中

    中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收，这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分相似，过中秋节的习俗于唐代早期在中国各地开始流行，中秋节在农历八月十五，是人们拜月的节日。这天夜晚皓月当空，人们合家团聚，共赏明月。2006年，中秋节被列为中国的文化遗产，2008年又被定为公共假日，月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美食，人们将月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享用。传统的月饼上带有“寿”(longevity)、“福”或“和”等字样。

英

    Since ancient times, the Chinese people have celebrated harvest in the middle of autumn, which is quite similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in North America. The tradition of celebrating the Mid-Autumn Festival became popular throughout China in the early Tang Dynasty. The Mid-Autumn Festival, falling on August 15th of the lunar calendar, is a day when people worship the moon. At that day, family members get together and enjoy the bright moon in the sky at night. On this day, with the bright moon high in the clear sky, families reunite and enjoy the moon together. In 2006, the Mid-Autumn Festival was listed in China’s cultural heritage list, and in 2008, it was designated as a public holiday. Moon cakes, as indispensable delicious food of the Festival, are given as gifts to relatives and friends or enjoyed at family gatherings. Traditional moon cakes are stamped with Chinese characters with meanings of “longevity”, “happiness” or “harmony”, etc.

2013年06月

中国建筑

中国建筑-中

    在漫长的发展过程中，中国建筑逐渐形成了以木结构（timberwork)结合石雕、夯土结构（rammed earth construction)以及其他技巧为特色的风格。一般来讲，中国的传统建筑风格可分为几个类别：皇家宫殿、宅居厅室、寺庙佛塔（pagoda)、墓园陵寝及园林建筑。然而，中国不同地区和不同民族的建筑风格可能在特色和功能上有所不同。从中国北方到南方，从黄河到长江，一路上你会被中国建筑师们的杰作所感动。勤劳的中国劳动人民创造了很多建筑奇迹，如长城、故宫。

英

    During its long evolution process, Chinese architecture gradually developed a style which featured timberwork combining stone carving,rammed earth construction,and many other techniques. Generally speaking, traditional Chinese architectural style can be classified into several categories: royal palaces, residential houses, religious temples and pagodas, tombs, and garden architectures. However, the architectural styles of different regions and ethnic groups in China may vary in characteristics and functions. Travelling the way from the Northern China to the South, from the Yellow River down to the Yangtze River, you will be moved by the works of Chinese architects. Industrious Chinese labouring people created many architectural miracles such as the Great Wall and the Palace Museum.

紫禁城

紫禁城-中

    明朝第三位皇帝朱棣在夺取（usurp)帝位后，从南京迁都北京，于1406年开始建造紫禁城这座宫殿，至明永乐十八年（ 1420年）落成。随着1924年清朝的最后一位皇帝溥仪退位（abdication)后被驱逐出皇宫，它失去了原有的功能。在这五百余年中，共有24位皇帝曾在此居住，统治全国。今天，紫禁城是一个博物院，也是世界上最受欢迎的旅游景点之一。游客们可以看到传统的宫殿建筑，可以欣赏保存在宫殿里的珍宝，还可以听到一些关于皇族和朝廷的传说和轶事。

英

    The Forbidden City was built from 1406 to 1420 by the third Ming Emperor Zhu Di who, upon usurping the throne, determined to move his capital north from Nanjing to Beijing. It lost its original function in the year 1924 when Puyi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, was expelled from this palace after his abdication. During its 500-year span, twenty-four emperors lived and ruled from this palace. Today, the Forbidden City is a public museum and has become one of the most popular tourist attractions in the world. Visitors can see the traditional palace architecture, enjoy the treasures kept in the palace, and learn of the legend and anecdotes about the imperial family and the court.

丝绸

丝绸-中

    中国是最早生产丝绸的国家。考古学家们认为，中国的桑蚕丝织技术，至少有4000多年的历史。丝绸很早就成为了古代宫廷贵族的主要衣料和对外贸易的重要商品。中国古代丝绸品种丰富多彩。西方人十分喜爱中国丝绸。据说，公元1世纪，一位古罗马皇帝曾穿着中国的丝绸袍去看戏，顿时轰动了整个剧场。从此，人们都希望能穿上中国的丝绸衣服，中国也因此被称为“丝国”。丝绸美化了人们的生活，也促进了中国和世界各国的友好往来。

英

    China is the earliest country to have produced silk. Archaeologists believe the technology of silk weaving has at least a history of more than 4000 years. Silk had been the main materials to make clothes for the noblemen and their families as well as an important commodity for export since long ago. There are various kinds of ancient Chinese silk. Westerners were very fond of Chinese silk. It is said that during the first century AD,a Roman emperor went to the theater wearing silk, which made a great stir in the audience. Since then, people wished to wear clothes made of Chinese silk.China,therefore,was called the "Silk Country" . Silk has made people' s life beautiful and promoted friendly exchanges between China and other countries.

说明

资料整理来源：网络公开资料